Educational Goals and Philosophy Essay -- Education Teaching Teachers

Instructive Goals and Philosophy Instructing has consistently been a respectable and esteemed calling. With training you ingrain the information and qualities that the understudy will take with them all through life. I have chipped in at the grade school with my youngsters and have appreciated viewing the support and sustaining of these instructors towards their understudies. I felt that I can sustain and partake in the wonderment of the information that wins around us. To accomplish this objective I will endeavor to give these understudies the getting, love, and certainty that they have to set them up for their excursion throughout everyday life. I intend to show custom curriculum. I accept that these youngsters need more tolerance and comprehension towards their scholastic objectives. I have consistently had a warm spot in my heart for these kids. A significant number of these kids don't get the uplifting mentality at home that they can succeed and address difficulties throughout their life. I need them to perceive their difficulties and to raise their confidence, with the goal that they can accomplish each objective throughout everyday life. I feel that these understudies have the potential and capacity to pick up the information and to have a significant effect on today’s society. It will be my activity, as an educator; to ensure that the right method is being shown to guarantee that these understudies arrive at their maximum capacity. The primary objective to any training procedure is to offer certainty to that understudy that he/she can do anything. There is no obstacl...

Fast Food Nation- Why the Fries Taste Good Essay -- Nutrition

â€Å"The essential science behind the aroma of your shaving cream is equivalent to that administering the kind of your TV dinner,† (Schlosser 122). Eric Schlosser, the creator of Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal was a Princeton graduate with a degree in American History. He’s composed for the Atlantic Monthly since 1996 where he was given a brief about America and its cheap food industry. His straightforward magazine article changed into a worldwide success. His book was on the New York Times smash hits list for about two years. Schlosser has showed up on an hour, CNN, FOX News, and numerous others. His work has showed up in Rolling Stone and The New Yorker (Drury University). In Schlosser’s book, Chapter 5: â€Å"Why the Fries Taste Good† assists with clarifying what we are really eating with regards to America’s inexpensive food industry. The start of this section centers around the J.R. Simplot Plant which is situated in Arberdeen, Idaho and procedures around a million pounds of potatoes for each day (Schlosser 111). John Richard Simplot was conceived in 1909 and spent quite a bit of his youth chipping away at his family’s ranch. Simplot conflicted with his dad and dropped out of secondary school at the early age of fifteen and started working at a potato distribution center in Declo, Idaho. When J.R. turned sixteen, he turned into a potato rancher (Schlosser 112). It just took around ten brief a very long time for J.R. Simplot to turn into the biggest shipper of potatoes in the West. World War II carried a great deal of riches to Simplot. He offered got dried out onions to the U.S. Armed force and he in the end got one of the principle providers of food to the U.S. American military during World War II (Schlosser 113). When Simplot was 36 years of age, he had the option to develop, prepare, proces... ...amb Water Gun Knife,† (Schlosser 130). The potatoes became fries and they are whitened, dried, singed, and afterward solidified. Inside the cooler is around 20 million pounds of solidified french fries fit to be dispatched and sold (Schlosser 131). This section centers exclusively around why inexpensive food, fries specifically, taste so great. Schlosser advises his crowd regarding precisely what they are eating when they request an enormous french fry at McDonalds. The fries may begin as new potatoes, however what numerous don’t know is the means by which new potatoes genuinely transform into the well known french fry. Works Cited Eric Schlosser Biography. Drury University. Web. 04 Apr. 2012. . Schlosser, Eric. Section 5: Why the Fries Taste Good. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. New York, NY: Harper Perennial, 2005. Print.

Top Down vs. Bottom Up Selling Strategies What Is Best for Your Business

Top Down vs. Bottom Up Selling Strategies â€" What Is Best for Your Business Some say that a true sales person cannot be taught; their skills are inherent in their personality. But whether you have a team of natural salespeople or a group of people who need training and coaching, the sales strategy you choose will have a large impact on their sales.In many business and enterprise sales, you will encounter one of two sales strategies.The first strategy, top down, is a traditional strategy that works from the top of the organization down. It is one of the oldest and most established strategies.You will also encounter the bottom up sales strategy. While this strategy incorporates a newer approach to sales, it has proven to be just as effective as the top down strategy in the right situations.Choosing the right sales strategy is vital to the success of any sale. To best choose the right strategy, you need to understand both the strategy and the situations that they are best applied to. © Shutterstock.com | MicolasIn the following article, you will learn about 1) the difference between these two sales strategies and 2) the positive and negative aspects of each strategy. When you combine this information with the research you have gathered about your client and your product, you will learn 2) how to choose the right strategy for your business.TOP DOWN VS. BOTTOM UP SELLING STRATEGIES â€" WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?Before you begin to consider which strategy is right for your business, it is important to distinguish between top down and bottom up strategies. These strategies exist in many aspects of business, not just in sales. Top down and bottom strategies are also employed in management and investments. However, the way that they differ from each other in the case of sales strategies is important to note before employing either strategy.What is a top down selling strategy?When using a top down sales strategy, your sales people will need to appeal to the key decision makers and executives from a prospective customer. This kind of strategy is well-known in the business-to-business sales world. It is an approach that would be well-recognized by any large company. These sales almost always include large, encompassing products that will be implemented throughout the entire organization.The reason that this top down mentality exists is to keep uniformity in the company. Companies and teams are more organized when they all run on the same IT and HR systems. Decision makers like this because it simply means that fewer decisions need to be made. It also means that they can utilize an IT department to support the software throughout the company.Top down systems are essential for securing large deals more effectively. In addition to all of the money that is spent on the product itself, the customer will also be spending a significant amount on implementing it. They will also usually purchase training services, licenses and consulting services directly fro m the seller.The larger the sale, the more comprehensive service a customer will usually need. Some enterprise software systems like SAP and Oracle are implemented across entire global companies. However, these customers rely on the training and resources offered by SAP and Oracle to make their purchases work for them. These resources often operate in addition to the customer’s in house specialists.Even though the sales people working a top down sales method will be dealing with fewer people, there is more pressure and more service required with a top down model.What is a bottom up selling strategy?Bottom up selling strategies are more widely used within the business to consumer market; however, in the  business-to-business sales such strategy means to approach lower level management or just directly potential users of the product. When you are selling from the bottom up, you are selling to a larger group of customers. The sales amounts are often smaller. They are also less likely to be implemented company wide.For a bottom up selling strategy to be successful, it needs to be enthusiastically implemented. By applying bottom up setting strategy you start with some employees in an organisation and if your product is very valuable for them, they will promote it to their colleagues and potentially even convince their managers to implement such product company wide. So for the product to be purchased and kept aboard, you need to ensure that the adoption process happens quickly and is inexpensive.Sales from business to business used to happen primarily with a top down strategy. However, for some type of technology products and software it becomes not only more user-friendly but easier to market to a wider audience, it has started to succeed with the bottom up strategy as well.THE PROS AND CONS OF TOP DOWN AND BOTTOM UP STRATEGIESThere are pros and cons related to both strategies. These vary depending up on each strategy’s strengths and weaknesses. The list of pr os and cons is not designed to support the idea of a universally successful sales strategy. Instead, you should look at the positives and negatives of each strategy and relate them to your product, sales team and the general selling scenario that you are operating in. When you do this, you will find demonstrable evidence to aid you in making a more strategic decision.Benefits of Top DownOne of the biggest benefits of the top down strategy is that it almost always results in bigger contracts. These contracts are not just large in terms of sales figures and commission. You will also often end up selling more products and more services. Another benefit of a big sale is that you can negotiate exclusive contracts with your customers. This helps lock out competitors and ensures that you do not need to worry about reselling the product every year.Following the benefit of big sales, top down strategies often facilitate large product roll outs. The benefit of a large product roll out is that you will be selling more physical product which must be maintained. The larger the roll out, the more training and support the customer will need. If the roll out takes place across an entire corporation, you will end up selling a proportional amount of maintenance, service and training hours in addition to the product. Selling these services isn’t a guarantee â€" it is important that sales people are trained to sell these services along with the product. However, this must be done in a way that does not imply that the product is difficult or faulty.Finally, nothing beats the recurring revenue (sure, it depends on the revenue model and pricing of your product) that your company can pull in after you have made a large sale. Because these sales are often expensive to implement, many customers are not interested in changing products after they have fully integrated yours. As long as your product fits their needs and your service is adequate, you can usually count on residual income from many customers.Disadvantages of Top Down StrategiesNo sales system is perfect and there are several disadvantages of a top down strategy. The biggest disadvantage is that it takes a long time for a sale to be finalized. This is primarily due to the expensive nature of these sales. In most cases, customers will not be looking to spend large amounts of money immediately. They may have a drawn out timeline for the purchase. You may also be at the mercy of the customer’s budget. They may want to begin negotiating a sale in one financial year but need to wait until another year to create room in the budget for the purchase.Another disadvantage is the sheer number of hours that are required for the sale. Sales staff have to remain actively involved in the sale until everything is finalized. Full engagement is often required to work out both large and small issues that come up in any sale. In some cases, sales staff might be required to be dedicated solely to one high-needs client r ather than be able to work between customers.It is important to remember that the top down strategy requires the executives or decision makers to make decisions without input from middle or lower management. While this is not necessarily a disadvantage of the top down system, it is important to understand the way the company operates before choosing this strategy. If the middle or lower management are consulted on the sale and they believe it is not the best option for the business, they may work against the sale.Another of the primary disadvantages of a top down selling strategy is that losing a contract can be difficult for a company. With such large contracts and so much time devoted to a customer, losing a contract can result in a sharp decline in revenue that may not have been predicted.Finally, it is important to note that the sale is not over even when the invoice has been paid and the contract has been signed. The first part of the sales consists of the sales team convincing the people at the top to make the decision. Afterwards, they have to go on to convince the people at the bottom to use it. This is usually done through training and consulting packages. However, every interaction with a new client is part of the sales process and this is important to remember when choosing a top down strategy.Benefits of Bottom Up StrategiesThe main benefits of the bottom up strategy lie mostly within the size of the deal. Most contracts sold from the bottom up are significantly smaller than they are at the top down level. When the sale is smaller, it can be processed and adopted faster. This means that you can work to make more sales at a faster pace compared to the top down strategy.Another benefit of the bottom up strategy is that it is easier to predict sales figures. Predicting sales figures is easier because teams can work with traditional mass sales methods that assume a certain percentage of sales for every pitch. This is because less time is spent courting customers and because teams are able to approach more customers. When companies predict sales figures with great accuracy, they have greater opportunities to adapt to the numbers.Another benefit of the bottom up sales strategy is that you do not need to worry about being undermined by middle management or staff. Since the sale is directly aimed at employee decision makers and not at executive level decision makers, you will be selling directly to the people who intend to use the product. If the product is in the employees’ interest, they are more likely to get on board and keep the sale recurring. This is different from the top down sales system because you will see more engagement with your product. You may also see a greater amount of up-selling.If you use the top down method to sell a product that employees are not interested in, you will often still keep the sale. This is because the unhappiness does not reach the executive level, at least not fast usually. It is also because it is often too expensive to switch products. When you achieve engagement and satisfaction at the bottom level, this is better for your brand long-term and it will rule out competition almost as well as a legal agreement.Disadvantages of Bottom Up StrategiesThere are a few disadvantages to the bottom up sales strategy. The disadvantages are primarily financial. One of the biggest disadvantages to the bottom up strategy is that the contracts are smaller. This means that you must rely on a greater number of sales to make ends meet.Another issue occurs in the event that the upper management is sold a product that it is to be implemented throughout the organization. When another product is being sold through the top down method, it is more likely that you will lose out when using the bottom up strategy.The bottom up strategy also requires early investment before you have guaranteed revenue. This can be difficult for new startups. It may mean running at a loss for much longer than someo ne using the top down sales method.Finally, one of the most difficult disadvantages to overcome is if you offer a free product to the majority of your customers. If you acquire thousands of non-paying customers, you’re not generating revenue and this leads to development issues. Having a product that has a free status is a great way to sell the product from the bottom up, but it not financially sustainable way. As one of the biggest issues that companies have is translating those non-paying customers into paying or subscription customers. Figuring out how to convert sales is essential before you decide to choose this method.MUTUALLY COMPLIMENTARY OR MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE?Now that you understand the major differences, benefits and disadvantages of both sales strategies, it is important to consider which strategy is best for your organization and your product.The reason that it is important to be familiar with both strategies is not so you can adopt one strategy and disregard another. There are situations where employing only a single strategy will not benefit your company.The strategies you choose must take into account all of the players in a client’s buying circle as well as their influence. It is very important to be able to assess the client to understand how you may be able to sell to them. To assess the client, you need to understand how decisions are made within the company. As highlighted in the pros and cons lists for each system, encountering a change in decision-making strategy can jeopardize the whole deal. If you sell with a top down approach and the decision makers want to discuss it with the middle management level of their organization, you could see your deal slip away before you.The strategy you choose will also depend on your product. If you have multiple products, you will need to consider which strategy is best for each product. You may find that the top down strategy is ideal for one product while another benefits from a bottom up approac h.But whatever your research finds, you must choose a strategy before you begin the sales process. Whether you are going to sell from the top down approach or from the bottom out, this should be decided from the outset of the sale. The strategy you choose will affect your approach, your pitch and the way you manage the sale. Having a coherent and clear strategy will ensure that your sales will not only be more successful but that you will close deals faster.CONCLUSIONUnderstanding the benefits of each sales system is key to knowing which system will work best for your company. When you combine your knowledge of the top down and bottom up sales system with the knowledge of your product and your client, you will be able to choose the right system to close more sales.

Ear Acupressure For Smoking Cessation - 1421 Words

Ear Acupressure for Smoking Cessation Smoking is a prevalent problem throughout the United States. It is an addiction and it can be very challenging for individuals to quit. However, through medication and nonpharmacological treatments smoking cessation is possible. One nonpharmacological method that has been researched is using ear acupressure. This paper will discuss the research article Ear Acupressure for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial and how it relates to a hospital patient. People with addictions can have a very difficult time overcoming them. While pharmacological methods have been effective, it is worth it to do research and see if nonpharmacological methods can be more effective. The science of†¦show more content†¦The study aimed to investigate effectiveness and safety of using ear acupressure in smoking cessation. A single acupuncturist was trained to perform the same procedures during each consultation and did not discuss any aspect of the procedures with participants to ens ure blinding and treatment consistency. Participants were recruited using the local newspaper advertisements, posters and the RMIT University website which led to a very large sample size. This is appropriate for a study of this nature which has an extensive list of exclusion criteria. There were ninety-five smokers that were screened for eligibility for the study, eighteen failed to meet inclusion criteria, ten did not wish to participate, twelve were unable to participate, and twelve were unable to be reached after the screening process (Anthony, Yuan Ming, Worsnop, May, Cliff Da, Charlie, 2013). The reliability of a study refers to the study’s consistency and that repeated measures produced similar measurement values. The validity of a study is determined by the degree in which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure (Burns, Grove, Gray, pp.287-290, 2015). This study however, did not determine either validity or reliability. The inclusion criteria were individuals who were 18 and older, smoked more than ten cigarettes per day for a year or greater, and the intention to quit smoking on an agreed date. The exclusion criteria was: any pathological condition of the ear;

Biography of Horace Greeley

The legendary editor Horace Greeley was one of the most influential Americans of the 1800s. He founded and edited the New York Tribune, a  substantial and very popular newspaper of the period. Greeleys opinions, and his daily decisions on what constituted news impacted American life for decades. He was not an ardent abolitionist, yet he was opposed to slavery, and he was involved in the founding of the Republican Party in the 1850s. When Abraham Lincoln came to New York City in early 1860 and essentially began his run for the presidency with his address at Cooper Union, Greeley was in the audience. He became a supporter of Lincoln, and at times, especially in the early years of the Civil War, something of a Lincoln antagonist. Greeley eventually ran as a major candidate for president in 1872, in an ill-fated campaign which left him in very poor health. He died soon after losing the 1872 election. He wrote countless editorials and several books, and is perhaps best known for a famous quote he probably did not originate: â€Å"Go west, young man.† A Printer in His Youth Horace Greeley was born on February 3, 1811, in Amherst, New Hampshire. He received irregular schooling, typical of the time, and became an apprentice at a newspaper in Vermont as a teenager. Mastering the skills of a printer, he worked briefly in Pennsylvania and then moved to New York at the age of 20. He found a job as a newspaper compositor, and within two years he and a friend opened their own print shop. In 1834, with another partner, Greeley founded a magazine, the New Yorker,  a journal devoted to literature, the arts and sciences. The New York Tribune For seven years he edited his magazine, which was generally unprofitable. During this period he also worked for the emerging Whig Party. Greeley wrote leaflets, and at times edited a newspaper, the Daily Whig. Encouraged by some prominent Whig politicians, Greeley founded the New York Tribune in 1841, when he was 30. For the next three decades, Greeley would edit the newspaper, which came to have a profound influence on the national debate. The dominant political issue of the day, of course, was slavery, which Greeley adamantly and vocally opposed. A Prominent Voice in American Life Greeley was personally offended by the sensationalist newspapers of the period and worked to make the New York Tribune a  credible newspaper for the masses. He sought out good writers and is said to be the first newspaper editor to provide bylines for writers. And Greeley’s own editorials and commentaries drew enormous attention. Though Greeley’s political background was with the fairly conservative Whig Party, he advanced opinions which deviated from Whig orthodoxy. He supported womens rights and labor and opposed monopolies. He hired early feminist  Margaret Fuller to write for the Tribune, making her the first female newspaper columnist in New York City. Greeley Shaped Public Opinion in the 1850s In the 1850s Greeley published editorials denouncing slavery, and eventually supported full abolition. Greeley wrote denunciations of the Fugitive Slave Act, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott Decision. A weekly edition of the Tribune  was shipped westward, and it was very popular in rural parts of the country. Its believed that Greeleys hardening opposition to slavery helped shape public opinion in the decade leading up to the Civil War. Greeley became one of the founders of the Republican Party and was present as a delegate at its organizing convention in 1856. Greeleys Role in Lincolns Election At the 1860 Republican Party convention, Greeley was denied a seat in the New York delegation because of feuds with local officials. He somehow arranged to be seated as a delegate from Oregon and sought to block the nomination of New York’s William Seward, a former friend. Greeley supported the candidacy of Edward Bates, who had been a prominent member of the Whig Party. But the tempestuous editor eventually put his influence behind Abraham Lincoln. Greeley Challenged  Lincoln Over Slavery During the Civil War Greeley’s attitudes were controversial. He originally believed the southern states should be allowed to secede, but he eventually came to support the war fully. In August 1862 he published an editorial titled â€Å"The Prayer of Twenty Millions† that called for the emancipation of the slaves. The title of the famed editorial was typical of Greeleys presumptuous nature, as it indicated that the entire population of the northern states shared his beliefs. Lincoln Responded  Publicly to Greeley Lincoln wrote a response, which was printed on the front page of the New York Times on August 25, 1862. It contained an oft-quoted passage: â€Å"If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that.† By that time, Lincoln had decided to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. But he would wait until he could claim military victory after the Battle of Antietam in September before proceeding Controversy at the End of the Civil War Horrified by the human cost of the Civil War, Greeley advocated peace negotiations, and in 1864, with Lincoln’s approval, he traveled to Canada to meet with Confederate emissaries. The potential thus existed for peace talks, but nothing came of Greeleys efforts. After the war Greeley offended a number of readers by advocating amnesty for Confederates, even going so far as to pay for a bail bond for Jefferson Davis. Troubled Later Life When Ulysses S. Grant was elected president in 1868 Greeley was a supporter. But he became disillusioned, feeling Grant was too close to New York political boss Roscoe Conkling. Greeley wanted to run against Grant, but the Democratic Party was not interested in having him as a candidate. His ideas helped to form the new Liberal Republican Party, and he was the party’s candidate for president in 1872. The 1872 campaign was particularly dirty, and Greeley was viciously criticized and mocked. He lost the election to Grant, and it took a terrible toll on him. He was committed to a mental institution, where he died on November 29, 1872. Greeley is best remembered today for a quote from an 1851 editorial in the New York Tribune: Go west, young man. It has been said that Greeley thus inspired many thousands to set out for the frontier. The most likely story behind the famous quote is that Greeley had reprinted, in the New York Tribune, an editorial by John B.L. Soule which contained the line, Go west, young man, go west. Greeley never claimed to have coined the original phrase, though he later expanded upon it by writing an editorial with the phrase, Go west young man, and grow up with the country. And over time the original quote was usually attributed to Greeley.

Merchant of Venice Mercy and Justice Free Essays

Ever been in a situation where you do not know whether to be fair or bend the rules a bit? In The Merchant of Venice, mercy and justice are the continuing predominant themes. Situations occur, that doing the just act does not seem to be correct or the right thing to do. Technically, the correct thing to do is to follow and abide by justice and the law. We will write a custom essay sample on Merchant of Venice: Mercy and Justice or any similar topic only for you Order Now For in this case, justice means the taking of a man’s life for the greed and sick revenge of another man. One of the true morals in this play is to be careful for what you wish for. Just as Shylock asked for justice, and in the end, justice was served. Throughout The Merchant of Venice, the themes of mercy and justice are continuously contradicting when it comes to Shylock’s situation with Antonio, in the court scene. In the play, Shylock has a deep desire for his bond to be satisfied and justice to prevail. In this Shakespearian time period, Jews are looked down upon. They are not treated as equals to the Christians. Shylock had a well justified reason to hate Antonio after Antonio would treat Shylock like a dog and spit upon him. Shylock said that Antonio’s reason for disrespect is because he is a Jew.Shylock talked of how Jews and Christians are the same thing, except they follow different beliefs. Once Antonio admits he cannot repay his debt, Shylock is eager for his bond and justice. However never did he show mercy, even towards his own daughter, he said, â€Å"I would my / daughter were dead at my foot and the jewels in her / ear; would she were hearsed at my foot and the / ducats in her coffin,† (III. 1. 87-90). Since he lacked mercy and kindness, he was shown no mercy when Antonio was to set his demands. Antonio begged for mercy and said, â€Å"I pray thee, hear me speak,† (III. 3. 12).Shylock showed no mercy for Antonio and persisted that he will have his bond. Solanio reassures Antonio that the Duke will not abide to a contract of this nature. Antonio replied saying that, â€Å"The Duke cannot deny the course of law,† (III. 3. 29). That is where the justice falls into play, if the Duke does not allow Shylock’s pound of flesh to be taken, then the whole Venetian courts and government would be a disgrace. This meant that for the trial to be fair, the bond will need to be satisfied. It looked bad for Antonio, until Portia came dressed as Balthazar, a lawyer. Portia’s first approach was to ask Shylock to be merciful.Shylock however was disgusted by the idea like proven before. Portia talks of God and how Christians beg for mercy to reach salvation. She said that, â€Å"Therefore, Jew, / Through justice be thy plea, consider this: / That in the course of justice none of us / Should see salvation. We do pray for mercy, / And that same prayer doth teach us all to render / The deeds of mercy,† (IV. 1. 203-208). Being as deliberate and stubborn as he is he said that â€Å"My deeds upon my head! I crave the law, / The penalty and forfeit of my bond,† (IV. 1. 212-213). After that plan fails, Portia tells Shylock that Bassanio is offering nine thousand ducats.Portia tells Shylock, â€Å"there’s thrice thy money offered thee,† (IV. 1. 235). The stubborn and immovable Shylock insists on his bond even after three times the original three-thousand ducats are offered to him. Finally, Portia agrees to Shylock’s demands and tells him to cut and retrieve his one pound of flesh. Just before he starts the process she brought up a very significant point to be noticed that changes the fate of the whole trial let alone Antonio’s life. She said, â€Å"This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood / The words are expressly are a pound of flesh,† (IV. . 319-320). She points out that the contract specifically said a pound of flesh not including blood. She follows to say, â€Å"if thou dost shed / One drop of Christian blood, thy lands and goods / Are by the laws of Venice confiscate / Unto the state of Venice,† (IV. 1. 322-325). The second Shylock heard this part of the contract, he immediately took his words back. He said, â€Å"I take this offer then. Pay the bond thrice / And let the Christian go,† (IV. 1. 332-334). He has taken back his lust for justice and wants his money back so he can just leave.Portia however makes his situation worse for Shylock by bringing out more laws that get Shylock in bad situations. She insists that Antonio’s flesh be cut and given to Shylock. Portia as her final attack at Shylock said to the court, â€Å"If it be proved against an alien / That by direct or indirect attempts / He seek the life of any citizen / The party ‘gainst the which he doth contrive / Shall seize one half his goods; the other half / Comes to the privy coffer of the state / And the offender’s life lies in the mercy / Of the Duke only, ‘gainst all other voice,† (IV. . 364-371). It turned out to be very ironic how Shylock had held grasp of someone’s life and now his life is in the hands of the Duke. Antonio begged Shylock to rethink the contract and be merciful. Now Shylock is asking for mercy and half of his property and goods is going to the very man he swore an oath to kill. It is very funny how such a small missed detail caused such a great deal of events to occur. Portia then asked Antonio, â€Å"What mercy can you render him, Antonio? † (IV. 1. 394).In the end of the great turn of events, Shylock is forced to agree the terms that he will give his money to Jessica and Lorenzo, he will make a will leaving everything to Jessica and Lorenzo, and finally he will become a Christian. The major themes shown are clearly and evidently in the play, especially when Portia is able to use the desire for Shylock’s justice to her advantage and turn the tables on the old Jew. Not only does she free Antonio, but she did the whole case legally and with tremendous justice but lacking mercy. Just as Shylock showed no mercy towards Antonio, he was rendered no mercy either. How to cite Merchant of Venice: Mercy and Justice, Papers

Innovation And Growth

Question: Critically evaluate the various dimensions of Innovation and the drivers that contribute to the growth of small start-up entrepreneurs? Answer: Introduction Economist Schumpeter contributed greatly for the concept of innovation and entre Innovation means generating a new idea, products or application, which is a value add to customers. Innovation helps in better serving the customers, by improving the quality of product or service and meeting their expectations and needs, for which they are ready to pay. For a business perspective, innovation acts as a catalyst to growth. Innovation can be of different types. Innovation can be done in the processes of the company, offering to the customers, their delivery channel, brand positioning, marketing channels, business model and supply chain. preneurship. One of the most common themes inSchumpeters writing was the role of innovation (new combination) and entrepreneurship in economic growth.He believed that innovation is the key driver for competition and those who wants to increase their profits should innovate continuously. According to Schumpeter, the customer needs does not play a role in the development. For economic development structural changes needs to be incorporated along with the innovative techniques. According to him, there are 5 types of innovations that can be done: Introducing a completely new product in the market or an advance version of the product existing in the market. Revolutionize the production process by introducing new, innovative techniques along with innovative sales and marketing methods. Acquiring new markets, which were not tapped. Innovation in supply chain by procuring raw material from a new source, different logistics etc. New structure of the industry. Schumpeter defined innovation as, a process of industrial mutation, that incessantly revolutionizes the economic structure from within, incessantly destroying the old one, and incessantly creating a new one (Drucker, 2014). This means that through innovation they will be continuous technological advancements, which will destroy and replace the old process/ technology. He coined a term creative destruction, which means a new thing will destroy something old. This will be a key driver for the transformation of the economic structure and sustained growth. Need of Innovation for the sustenance and growth of small companies The characteristics of a successful entrepreneur are that he is able to explore new opportunities and is ready to pursue new ventures. He possesses the skills of creativity, innovativeness and ability to take risk (Autio, Kenney, Mustar, Siegel Wright, 2014). They will deploy new techniques and innovative business models and strategies. Small and Medium Enterprises are considered as the backbone of economic growth of the country. They have contributed significantly for the economic development of the company by giving more employment opportunities, product outputs, exports etc. (Love Roper, 2015). But for small companies, in order to survive in the market they need to constantly perform well, give quality products as well as generate profits and expand. It has become imperative for the small companies to hone their capabilities and competency. They need to develop new technologies and strategies for the improvement of their output efficiency and marketing their products and service s. For their development small companies need to constantly create and introduce innovation in their techniques. Innovation and product differentiation will help small companies stand out from the crowd. This will help them create a loyal customer base. Key Drivers of Innovation Human Resource: Managing a workforce with skills to innovate is very crucial. Employees with different skills are required for product innovation and exploring different strategies. Technical and managerial skills are required at various developmental stages of a project and its commercialization. Skill development can also be done for the employee to make them capable of doing innovation. Research and Development: In house Research and Development plays a very important role in creating innovative technologies and processes for the firms. The capability of Research and Development is very crucial for the companies to incorporate innovative techniques and processes in their projects. Research and Development are important as they can create new knowledge that will help in innovation. Secondly, they also help in accessing and absorbing the knowledge from outside which is also very important for the innovation with in the organization and to maintain competitiveness with the rival companies (O'Cass Sok, 2013). Investment in the infrastructure: It is very important for firms to update their equipment and technologies by making investments. Especially in small companies who may face resource constraints, it is better to purchase new equipment and technologies, which can result very crucial in innovation. Design: This is a very important contributor for the success of any innovation. Emphasis is laid on designing a wide range of innovative products with improved functionality and value. There is a positive relationship between investments in design and the output. But in small companies, design is not perceived as crucial as technology. It as considered as an expensive, time and resource consuming activity only. But by outsourcing the design resources, small companies can inculcate this practice. Management of Intellectual Property: Patents and copyright of innovative techniques is very crucial for any business. But smaller companies face problems, as the cost of IP protection and registration is very high. But for the small firms who are RD intensive, patenting is very important for getting customers and attracting seed investments. Other small companies, instead of patenting, focus more on the speed to market their product. Innovative Strategies: When it comes to innovative strategy, the state of knowledge can be thought of as inconsistence in theories, knowledge gaps and conflict in the predictions. Following are the few innovation strategies which are popular among small companies: First is the selection between open and closed innovation and the way to develop the knowledge base of the company. For small companies, open model are more favored models for innovation. Specially, when it comes to collaboration along the supply chain of the firm. Such collaboration will not only help in the development of innovation but will also help the small companies to sustain this success. These strategies may also help smaller companies to extend their spectrum of knowledge and improve their performances. Second is the explicit strategy of the company, planning, organization and marketing their products/ services. Improving Knowledge and resourcing from outside the organization: Firms (specially their Research Development department) should be open to gather information and knowledge from the external world to incorporate in their research to develop innovative techniques. Top management or strategy makers can also look what strategies the rival companies have adopted and based on that formulate an improvised, innovative strategy for the business. For the purpose of knowledge transfer, partnership up with the large firms can also be done. Similarly, small companies face a resource constraint, which may hamper their ability to develop innovative techniques and strategies. These companies can outsource the resources, which will substantially bring down the pressure of resources from them and the companies can focus more on their core business and do innovation in that field. Government Policies: Policies laid by the government plays a crucial driver for the companies for adopting innovative techniques. Government actions can acts both as enabler or a barrier for the companies to do design and implement innovative techniques/ strategies. Diversity of the employees: Studies have shown a relationship between diversity of employees and innovation. There has been a positive relationship between innovation, educational diversity, cultural diversity and gender diversity of the employees. These factors are especially crucial in the initial stages of a project or the company. Business Partnership or funding: Partnering up with other businesses or funding through private equity will not only brings finance to the company but also expertise and experience of professionals from diverse companies. This will enhance the products/ service development and the value creation of the company. This venture can also help in improving the processes of the company and other future associations. Conclusion Small companies are very important for the growth of economy. In order to survive in the market they constantly need to innovate and develop to get a competitive edge over their competitors. There are internal and external drivers that contribute to the success of small companies. The main internal drivers of innovation are the resources available with the companies be it human resource, knowledge, financial resource, infrastructure or supply chain. The internal resources should create the knowledge repository for the company and develop innovative technologies and strategies. Also, they should spend sufficiently to create infrastructure to carry out processes for innovation. If company is short on their resources they approach external sources to fulfill their requirement be it of knowledge, technology, design or support. Also, government policies play a very crucial role in deciding the fate of innovation. Supporting policies allow the companies to do experiments and come out with new product/ service offerings. References: Autio, E., Kenney, M., Mustar, P., Siegel, D., Wright, M. (2014). Entrepreneurial innovation: The importance of context.Research Policy,43(7), 1097-1108. Drucker, P. (2014).Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Love, J. H., Roper, S. (2015). SME innovation, exporting and growth: A review of existing evidence.International Small Business Journal,33(1), 28-48. O'Cass, A., Sok, P. (2013). The role of intellectual resources, product innovation capability, reputational resources and marketing capability combinations in SME growth.International Small Business Journal, 0266242613480225.